1. IPL (Intense Pulsed Light) for Tattoo Removal Function & Principle: IPL uses a broad spectrum of light (500-1200nm) that gets absorbed by the tattoo pigment. The light energy is converted into heat, which breaks down the ink particles. The immune system gradually removes these fragmented particles. Effectiveness: Works best for lighter ink colors (red, yellow, orange). Less effective for darker tattoos (black, blue, green). Higher risk of burns or scarring , especially for darker skin tones. Not commonly used for tattoo removal due to its non-selective nature. 2. Nd:YAG Q-Switched Laser for Tattoo Removal Function & Principle: Q-Switched Nd:YAG laser (1064nm & 532nm) emits ultra-short, high-intensity pulses that shatter tattoo ink into tiny particles. The 1064nm wavelength is absorbed by dark ink (black, blue, green) . The 532nm wavelength is effective for red, orange, and yellow pigments . The body’s immune system gradually removes the ink particles. Effectiveness: ✅ Best for dark tattoos (black, blue, green) with 1064nm. ✅ Works on colored tattoos (red, orange, yellow) with 532nm. ✅ Minimizes damage to surrounding skin compared to IPL. ✅ Safer for darker skin tones due to selective targeting.